Sunday, April 4, 2010

Communism: Two lines in world's history

Is really interesting the perspective we have about World's History. It doesn't matter how important an historical process is, what really matters is how much it means to you, to the time you are living in and how affects your personal life. For an average citizen is difficult to imagine what does 300 or 3000 years means, if it is related to you 10 years will mean much more than 100.

This little introduction is to talk about Communism, something that is a really big deal for the baby boomers and even for younger people, something that influenced the life of almost every single person on earth, something than now, in 2010 looks so important for history but that some day will be resumed in 2 lines or in a single paragraph in some history book.

Why I'm saying this, that is so difficult to understand for someone who has suffered the Vietnam War, the military governments in Latin America or simply the fear of a final nuclear war between the US and de USSR?

I'm saying this because I have been thinking about the perspective and the size and influence of former Empires. The first example I will use is something that concerns directly to the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America but that it has also influenced the entire western hemisphere and some regions of Africa and Asia. This first example is the Spanish Empire, Spain successfully controlled Latin America since the first quarter of the XVII Century until the first quarter of the XIX Century, 300 years of domination of a surface of nearly 18 millons square kilometers and the aniquilation of several languages and religions. Is hard to understand what did this Empire meant for generations and generations of native americans or europeans that were sent to the new world.
All latin american nations will celebrate during the next years the Bicentennial of their independence, countries that during this last 200 years has built its own identity and history. This 200 years period is still a century shorter than the Spanish domination of this part of the world and it seems to be much more relevant to latin american societies than the colonial times. So, if the 300 years that the Spanish's exerted sovereignty in Latin America are despised over the 200 yeras of independence of the american spanish speaking countries what can we say about Communism that influenced people life for only 74 years?

Yes 74 years, since the 1917 russian revolution until de dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Probably you will ask about China, Cuba and North Korea, in my defense I say that the "real socialism" threat ended with the Perestroika. These other Countries will, latter or sooner migrate to a market economy system.

If we think about older historical processes the size of Communism becomes almost insignificant, the Roman Empire controlled Europe, Northern Africa and the Middle East for 400 years, and the Egyptian civilization developed for more than 3 millenniums.

We could continue with more examples, and we will always arrive to the same conclusion, the relevance of a certain Empire, civilization or historical process depends on the perspective of the observer, that's why I say that Communism is a big deal for us, but some day will be explained in 2 lines, because 74 years in world's history is only that, 2 lines.

Monday, February 22, 2010

Berlin: Two worlds in one city

After I read the article "Glimpse into the East" written by my teammate F e d e r i c o I started to think about Berlin, the Cold War and the meaning of the Berlin Wall. The size of the conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union was, in my opinion, the biggest in history. Not only because of the geographical coverage that was indeed global, from Latin America to Vietnam, from Eastern Europe to Zaire and from the planet earth into the outer space.

But the interesting thing is that during this conflict we had not only wars all over the world and an Space Race, we also had two ways of living, thinking and organizing societies that made life of common people, like you and me absolutely different depending in which half of the world you where living in.

So, the world was divided into two, a family from Canada or Spain had a way of life absolutely different from a family from China or Poland. But in all these examples and almost in every case your entire country and probably your countries region was all in the same "half" of the world, with this similar way of living, thinking, studying, working and dreaming about the future.

But Berlin was an exception, Berlin was the last border of this two worlds, Berlin was a city where this different societies had to live knowing that only a few streets away in any family apartment a different system was running.

This explanation is an introduction I wanted to make to a picture a took during my 2006 trip to Berlin. This photo was taken with my Konica Minolta Z6 camera using the full power of the 420mm build in zoom. The effect I wanted on the image was to show how close this two worlds were from each-other. You can see in the picture two different towers. The one on the left is the Berlin TV tower, the highest exponent of the socialism progress, it was built in 1969 as a present to the German Democratic Republic in its twentieth anniversary. The other one is the Berlin Victory column located in the heart of West Berlin, inaugurated in 1873.

This picture show us something clearly, citizens from both sides of the wall could actually see the other half of the planet, they could listen what was going on in the "rest of the world". I think this is why the Berlin Wall is an outstanding symbol of the conflict that divided the planet and as I said before, the outer space into two halves for four decades.

Thursday, February 18, 2010

Glimpse into the East

Berlin was the gate to the East. Was the beggining of the trip into societies that had a past we could have never understood. The east was estrictly unrelated to us because of the political regimes that lead this countries pasts decades.

We were heading into territories once ruled by one of the two sovereigns of the world, the one we didnt get to know before, the one that we were used to unattend and disobey, the other half. Yes the unglorious and misterious URSS.

And Berlin indeed was an axis of division between this two opposites ways of living, the eastern and western political regimes. Long story, short: Comunism v. Capitalism.

As you walk around Berlin, you can tell everytime time, this is a place that had suffered this permanent segregation. Of course, the remains of the wall remind you of pasts events. But the city itself reminds you of that aswell , being a blend of histories that lived side by side during decades, histories that lead into extremly different outcomes.

All combined into one huge and overdeveloped center of capitalism, modern Berlin can show you the story of two contiguous bands by getting a tour into some sort of theatrical display where you can experience the urban comunist scenario enjoying a tall vanilla latte from Starbucks.

The best example you can find, as it follows:

Right outside the famous TV Tower in Alexanderplatz you'll see the very beggining of KARL MARX ALLEE. Such a name hah!. Wait to find out that the original name was Stalinallee. Get suck into it like in a huge funnel and dive into the east. You will find yourself surrounded by a symmetrical space composition. This is above all a composition, a political statement. Lead by Hermann Henselmann as chief architect of the project, this urban structure defines a message, a doctrine to be send to all those within the iron curtain. This project was indeed part of a city reconstruction program, but at the same time was the testimony of a nations reconstruction. Against (back in those days) current art and philosophy mainstream ideas, this project intended to creat an atmosphere of wealth, power, tradition and nostalgia. And the perfect way of achieving that was no other than the Stalinist architecture style. What's best than addopting founding father's good taste for neoclasical buildings that delivered that special message of progress and tradition all in one single piece. It would not be wrong to believe that this perception of nostalgia brings the people into the feeling of a nation with a rich past and culture; and that of course brings people together into one single dogma, influenced by a political propaganda that has no backdoor.

Karl Marx alle is a great place to walk by, feel the tradition and picture yourself in the post-war east Berlin, being a citizen of a great and undefeatable empire, with centuries of legacy and tradition and a revolutionary temperament. Though it was and can be nowadays perceived as a scenography; called by his author as a "childhood illness" for his historical revivalism; this great avenue shows you a glimpse of the unknown other half of the world.

Thursday, December 31, 2009

How to build easy-living cities.

My friends keep wondering about all those ugly places of the city where nobody wants to go. How did they get so ruined?
City planning is not an easy thing. Most of the actions are spontaneous and uncontrolled expansions of urban landscape. Nowadays we know much more about the way cities became what they are (the origins, first growth, densification, spreading, economic changes outcomes). The thing is that the city is always a consequence of the inhabitants way of living; we say "the city is the physical expression of a society".

By studying the past, we can learn one or two cool things about the cities coming
or improve what we already have
  • Cities should be small and dense. Horizontal expansion is extremely expensive and not ecofriendly.
  • Transportation should be reduced to the minimum. Working, shopping, and other activities should be practiced in the same area.
  • Diversification. If we go to the same place at the same time, what happens? we jam there. Instead of one mega center that makes everybody uncomfortable, small evenly distributed local "subcenters" makes everyone happy.
  • Stay away from white / blue collar ghettos. There's no fun in eating pizza every given day. Mix up within your community and get to know all kinds of people who doesn't have the same background as you do. A mixed socioeconomic status neighborhood delivers richer human interactions.
  • No Pharaonic projects. Overscaled projects tend to fail, taking money and time away. Urban improvements are usually simple.
  • Overlap functions. It's good to have transportations hubs, shopping and dwellings all together. This also improves human interaction, leading to social and economic wealth.
  • Aesthetics makes the difference. If you like something, you want it. If the place where you live and work have a nice walking view, people will spend much more time there, enjoying the place, shopping or having a nice dinner out.
After all building a city is making a way of living. Be conscious of the community where you live, help others, embrace commitment to take good care of the facilities you enjoy day after day, dive in the realization of new projects, create job opportunities and wealth sources, respect things previously done, attempt to make the difference and realize that the city is every single time the tangible expression of what you do every day.

Wednesday, December 30, 2009

Thinking about the Age of Empire

During the last quarter of the XIX century the international system entered in a new stage of globalization. Due to the Industrial Revolution and technological advances world’s economy become one only trade network where the different industrial powers reached new overseas markets for their products. The emergence of Great Britain as the main financial center and the British Pound as a world wide accepted currency gave an additional impulse to this historical process.The industrial and technological development became the most important factor to analyze the power of a nation, demography and geography where not the main variable anymore. The endless needs of raw materials, new markets and strategically located ports forced the main industrial countries to start an extension of their empires. This new markets were not only used to sell industrial products, they become also very important for capital exports. British, German and French capitals made investments around all the globe building railway networks.

Asia and Africa

In 1870 almost all american continent was already independent, that’s why during this period the european powers focused their imperial expansion over regions where they could easily establish colonial governments, Asia and Africa. During the last 25 years of the XIX century, one fifth of world’s surface and 10% of world’s pupulation was under european domination. The european civilization was projecting its shadow over the entire planet. At the Berlin Conference of 1884 the main colonial powers agreed how to divide Africa. After this summit Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Portugal and Spain started to control massive land extensions in Africa. In the course of a generation, Africa, 4 times bigger than Europe was totally fragmented. Asia was also a scene of this expansion. The British Empire had India, Burma, Malaysia and Hong Kong under its domain. France successfully controlled Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia under the name of French Indochina. The Netherlands had also an active presence in Asia with an important colony called Dutch East Indies what nowadays is Indonesia. Due to its high complexity and big territorial extension China was never colonizated by an only country. Different european powers, Russia and even Japan divided China into exclusive influence areas where they could freely trade.

Central America and the Caribbean

The Caribbean was an strategic area. As a consequence of the emerge of the United States as a world power and the increase of the global trade the construction of an inter-oceanic canal become an important issue. France, Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Spain had an strong presence in this area with colonies in different islands, all of them expected to control a future canal that would connect the Atlantic and the Pacific.The United States were a new power interested in this strategic region located in its influence area, the 1898 Spanish American war is a demonstration of the irruption of the US in this region and as a new colonial power.

On the way to the First World War


There is no doubt that this imperial expansion was one of the multiple causes of the First World War, the objective of this article was to analyze the historical period baptized by Eric Hobsbawm as “The Age of Empire” and not the First World War causes. But I think is important to at least mention the existing link between this two periods.

Monday, December 28, 2009

Ten reasons to donate - Pick one!

I heard once that every reason is a good one for donating to charity (or any other kind of donation). For example, if you are a politician, and you want to help people to show off for your campaign, it is a good reason!

Here is a list I built with reasons for donating, just pick one and go for it:
  1. Girls love charity
  2. Score some points in Karma-board
  3. Show off (politicians apply here)
  4. Make your parents proud, so they can show off in front of their friends
  5. Get tax benefits
  6. Go to heaven (at least not going to hell)
  7. Balance your evil inside
  8. Meet people making a difference
  9. Make a difference yourself
  10. Feel awesome!
Whatever your reason is, you are making another person happy. That surely pays the price. If you have another reason, please let me know.


Wednesday, December 2, 2009

The best thing that can happen to a billboard

Just being online, like this:

(by the way... I love this billboa... sorry ... power plant)